Background: Organ transplantation represents one of the most significant achievements in modern medicine, providing life-saving treatment for patients with end-stage organ failure. Over the past several decades, advances in surgical techniques, organ preservation, immunosuppressive therapies, donor management, and regenerative medicine have significantly improved transplant outcomes. Despite these achievements, challenges such as donor shortages, graft rejection, immunological complications, and long-term graft survival remain major concerns.

Objective: This review examines recent advances in organ transplantation techniques, including innovations in donor organ preservation, minimally invasive transplantation, machine perfusion technology, immunological management, xenotransplantation, bioengineering, and artificial intelligence-assisted transplantation.

Methods: A comprehensive review of current literature, clinical trials, international transplantation guidelines, and emerging technologies was conducted to evaluate contemporary developments and clinical outcomes in organ transplantation.

Results: Significant improvements have been achieved through advanced organ preservation methods, machine perfusion systems, robotic-assisted transplantation, precision immunosuppression, and donor-recipient matching technologies. Emerging fields such as xenotransplantation, stem-cell-based organ regeneration, and bioengineered organs show promise in addressing donor shortages and improving long-term outcomes.

Conclusion: Advances in transplantation techniques continue to transform the management of end-stage organ failure. Future innovations involving regenerative medicine, artificial intelligence, personalized immunosuppression, and organ bioengineering are expected to further improve graft survival, patient outcomes, and global access to transplantation.