Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most critical threats to global health, compromising the effectiveness of antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitic agents. The rapid emergence and spread of resistant microorganisms have resulted in increased morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and escalating healthcare costs worldwide. AMR threatens the success of modern medicine by undermining routine surgical procedures, cancer chemotherapy, organ transplantation, and intensive care interventions. This review examines the mechanisms, drivers, epidemiology, and clinical implications of antimicrobial resistance. The study explores the impact of AMR on patient outcomes, healthcare systems, and public health while evaluating current strategies for prevention and control. Findings indicate that inappropriate antimicrobial use, inadequate infection prevention measures, and insufficient surveillance contribute significantly to resistance development. Effective antimicrobial stewardship programs, rapid diagnostic technologies, infection control practices, public awareness initiatives, and global collaboration are essential to addressing this growing crisis. The paper concludes that a coordinated One Health approach integrating human, animal, and environmental health is necessary to mitigate the long-term consequences of antimicrobial resistance.