Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent challenges in social communication, social interaction, and restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. The prevalence of ASD has increased significantly over recent decades, emphasizing the importance of early identification and timely intervention. Research consistently demonstrates that early diagnosis and evidence-based interventions improve cognitive, language, adaptive, and social outcomes. This study reviews the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic approaches, screening tools, early intervention strategies, and emerging innovations in ASD care. Through a comprehensive review of scientific literature, clinical guidelines, and developmental research, the study highlights the critical role of developmental surveillance, family-centered care, behavioral therapies, educational support, and multidisciplinary intervention. Findings indicate that early intervention during critical periods of neurodevelopment can substantially improve long-term outcomes and quality of life. The study concludes that enhancing awareness, strengthening early screening systems, and expanding access to intervention services are essential for optimizing developmental outcomes among children with ASD.