Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for nearly one-third of all global deaths. Early detection and risk stratification are essential for reducing disease burden, preventing adverse cardiovascular events, and improving patient outcomes. Biomarkers have emerged as powerful tools in cardiovascular medicine, providing valuable information regarding disease pathophysiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring. Advances in molecular biology, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and artificial intelligence have facilitated the discovery of novel biomarkers capable of identifying cardiovascular disease at earlier stages than traditional diagnostic methods. This review examines established and emerging biomarkers used in the early detection of cardiovascular diseases, including cardiac troponins, natriuretic peptides, inflammatory markers, genetic biomarkers, microRNAs, and multi-omics approaches. The study also discusses clinical applications, limitations, and future directions in biomarker-guided cardiovascular care. Findings suggest that combining traditional biomarkers with advanced molecular diagnostics and artificial intelligence may significantly enhance early detection and personalized cardiovascular risk assessment