Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women worldwide and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Early detection through effective screening programs significantly improves treatment outcomes, survival rates, and quality of life. Advances in imaging technologies, risk assessment tools, genetic testing, and artificial intelligence have transformed breast cancer screening and diagnosis over the past decades. This study reviews current breast cancer screening modalities, evaluates evidence-based early detection strategies, and examines emerging technologies that may enhance diagnostic accuracy and accessibility. Through a comprehensive review of scientific literature, international screening guidelines, and public health initiatives, the study highlights the benefits and challenges associated with mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), genetic screening, and AI-assisted diagnostics. Findings suggest that population-based screening programs substantially reduce breast cancer mortality, particularly when combined with risk-based personalized screening approaches. The study concludes that improving access to screening, increasing awareness, and integrating advanced technologies are essential for reducing the global burden of breast cancer.