Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide and represents a growing public health challenge due to aging populations. Characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory impairment, functional deterioration, and behavioral disturbances, AD significantly impacts patients, caregivers, healthcare systems, and society. Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of AD have led to improved diagnostic techniques and the emergence of disease-modifying therapies targeting amyloid-beta pathology. Clinical management requires a comprehensive approach that includes early diagnosis, pharmacological treatment, non-pharmacological interventions, management of behavioral and psychological symptoms, caregiver support, and long-term care planning. Recent developments in biomarkers, neuroimaging, artificial intelligence, and precision medicine have enhanced diagnostic accuracy and personalized treatment strategies. This review examines current evidence-based approaches to the clinical management of Alzheimer's disease, highlights recent therapeutic advances, and discusses future directions in dementia care.