Background: Cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide despite being largely preventable through vaccination, screening, and early intervention. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary etiological factor.

Objective: This review examines current cervical cancer screening and prevention strategies, evaluates their effectiveness, and explores emerging technologies aimed at reducing disease burden globally.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed publications, international guidelines, and public health reports. Evidence regarding HPV vaccination, screening methods, diagnostic technologies, and prevention programs was synthesized.

Results: HPV vaccination significantly reduces infection rates and precancerous lesions. Screening approaches including Pap cytology, HPV DNA testing, and co-testing have improved early detection. However, disparities in healthcare access continue to affect screening coverage, particularly in low-resource settings.

Conclusion: Comprehensive prevention strategies combining HPV vaccination, regular screening, public education, and healthcare accessibility are essential for eliminating cervical cancer as a public health problem.