Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders affecting women after childbirth. It negatively influences maternal well-being, infant development, family dynamics, and healthcare outcomes. Despite increasing awareness, many cases remain undiagnosed and untreated.

Objective: This review examines the prevalence, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies of postpartum depression while emphasizing its impact on maternal well-being.

Methods: A comprehensive narrative review was conducted using published literature from peer-reviewed journals, maternal health reports, and mental health databases. Studies focusing on postpartum depression and maternal health outcomes were analyzed.

Results: Global prevalence rates of postpartum depression range from 10% to 25%, with higher rates observed in low- and middle-income countries. Biological, psychological, and social factors contribute significantly to disease development. Early identification and multidisciplinary interventions improve maternal outcomes and infant development.

Conclusion: Postpartum depression remains a major public health concern requiring integrated screening, psychosocial support, and accessible treatment services. Strengthening maternal mental healthcare systems can substantially improve maternal well-being and family health outcomes.