Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are among the most common healthcare-associated infections and represent a major cause of postoperative morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, increased healthcare costs, and mortality. Despite advances in surgical techniques, sterilization procedures, antimicrobial prophylaxis, and infection control measures, SSIs continue to pose significant challenges worldwide. The development of SSIs is influenced by a complex interaction of patient-related, procedure-related, microbial, and environmental factors. This review examines the epidemiology, classification, pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, prevention strategies, and emerging technologies in SSI management. Evidence-based interventions, including preoperative optimization, antimicrobial stewardship, perioperative infection control, and postoperative wound care, are discussed. Understanding risk factors and implementing comprehensive prevention programs are essential for improving surgical outcomes and reducing the global burden of SSIs.