Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide and is characterized by progressive motor and non-motor symptoms resulting from the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. While conventional pharmacological therapies such as levodopa remain the cornerstone of treatment, they primarily provide symptomatic relief and do not halt disease progression. Recent advances in molecular biology, genetics, neuroimaging, stem cell technology, immunotherapy, and gene therapy have accelerated the development of innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying disease progression and restoring neurological function. This review examines emerging therapeutic approaches in Parkinson’s disease, including neuroprotective therapies, stem cell transplantation, gene therapy, precision medicine, deep brain stimulation innovations, and artificial intelligence-assisted treatment optimization. Through a comprehensive analysis of current literature, clinical trials, and translational research, the study highlights promising interventions that may transform future Parkinson’s disease management. The findings suggest that integrating disease-modifying therapies with personalized treatment approaches could significantly improve patient outcomes and quality of life.