Postoperative pain remains one of the most common and challenging complications following surgical procedures. Inadequately controlled pain contributes to delayed recovery, increased morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, impaired patient satisfaction, and higher healthcare costs. Advances in perioperative medicine have led to the development of multimodal analgesia, regional anesthesia techniques, opioid-sparing strategies, and personalized pain management protocols aimed at improving clinical outcomes. This study reviews current postoperative pain management strategies, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, enhanced recovery pathways, and emerging innovations in pain medicine. Through a comprehensive review of clinical guidelines, randomized controlled trials, and perioperative research, the study evaluates the effectiveness of various pain control approaches and their impact on recovery and patient outcomes. Findings suggest that multimodal and individualized pain management strategies significantly improve postoperative recovery while reducing opioid-related adverse effects. The study concludes that integrating evidence-based pain management into perioperative care pathways is essential for optimizing surgical outcomes and enhancing patient-centered care.